Good
afternoon, dear students !
Write
the date into your copybooks
Friday,
the fifteenth of April
Тема внеурочной деятельности: Free Trade Area / Зона свободной торговли
Ребята, сегодня мы рассмотрим
понятие «зоны свободной торговли», типы, преимущества и недостатки таких зон.
1.Прочитайте теоретический материал.
Определение:
Зона свободной торговли — тип международной интеграции,
при котором в странах-участницах отменяются таможенные пошлины, налоги и сборы,
а также количественные ограничения во взаимной торговле в соответствии с
международным договором. free trade area
What is a free trade area in
business?
A free trade
area is
1) a grouping of countries within which tariffs
and non-tariff trade barriers between the members are generally abolished (отменять)but with
no common trade policy toward non-members
2)a group of
countries that have agreed to import and export each other's goods without the
usual taxes, limits, etc
The North
American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
are examples of free trade areas.The North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) was
established
in 1993 to
link the United States, Canada and Mexico in a free trade agreement.
Types of Trade Agreements
Trade
agreements are usually unilateral, bilateral, or multilateral.
1.Unilateral (одностороннее) Trade
Agreement
These occur
when a country imposes trade restrictions and no other country reciprocates.
2.Bilateral (двусторонние) agreements
involve two countries. Both countries agree to loosen trade restrictions to
expand business opportunities between them. They lower tariffs and confer
preferred trade status on each other.
3.Multilateral
( многосторонние)Trade Agreements
These
agreements among three countries or more are the most difficult to negotiate.
The greater the number of participants, the more difficult the negotiations
are. By nature, they are more complex than bilateral agreements, as each
country has its own needs and requests.
Impose - налагать
Restrictions-
ограничения
Reciprocate -
отвечать взаимностью
confer - предоставить, давать
to negotiate - вести переговоры.
Advantages of Free Trade Agreements
Increased efficiency(эффективность)
The good thing about a free trade
area is that it encourages competition, which consequently increases a
country’s efficiency, in order to be on par with its competitors. Products and
services then become of better quality at a lower cost.
to be on par -быть наравне
Lowered
prices
When there is competition, especially
on a global level, prices will surely go down, allowing consumers to enjoy a
higher purchasing power.
purchasing power – покупательная способность
Increased
variety (разнообразие)
With imports becoming available at a
lower cost, consumers gain access to a variety of products that are
inexpensive.
Available - доступный
Industry
Expertise (экспертиза)
Global companies have more expertise
than domestic companies to develop local resources. That's especially true in
mining, oil drilling, and manufacturing. Free trade agreements allow global
firms access to these business opportunities. When the multinationals partner
with local firms to develop the resources, they train them in the best
practices. That gives local firms access to these new methods.
Technology
Transfer (передача)
Local companies also receive access
to the latest technologies from their multinational partners. As local
economies grow, so do job opportunities. Multinational companies provide job
training to local employees
Disadvantages of Free Trade
Agreements
Negative Effects of Free Trade
Free trade is meant to eliminate
unfair barriers to global commerce and raise the economy in developed and
developing nations alike. But free trade can – and has – produced many negative
effects, in particular deplorable working conditions, job loss, economic damage
to some countries, and environmental damage globally.
Theft (кража) of
Intellectual Property
Many developing countries don't have
laws to protect patents, inventions, and new processes. As a result,
corporations often have their ideas stolen. They must then compete with
lower-priced domestic knock-offs.
knock-offs подделки
Poor Working Conditions
Multinational companies may outsource
jobs to emerging market countries without adequate labor protections. As a result,
women and children are often subjected to grueling factory jobs in sub-standard
conditions.
Crowding Out (вытеснение) Domestic
Industries
Many emerging markets are traditional
economies that rely (полагаться) on farming for most employment.
These small family farms can't compete with subsidized agri-businesses in
developed countries. As a result, they lose their farms and must look for work
in the cities. This aggravates unemployment, crime, and poverty.
2. Translate one paragraph from advantages and
disadvantages of Free Trade Area
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий