Тема: Чтение:
приемы и алгоритмы выполнения заданий на а) соответствия между текстами
и заголовками; б) соответствие приведённых утверждений прочитанному тексту
Ребята, сегодня
мы познакомимся с типами заданий по разделу ОГЭ «Чтение»
1.Определите, в каком из
текстов A–F содержатся
ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7.
Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши ответы в таблицу.
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Текст |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
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Вопросы |
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1. Where can we find the biggest "lungs" of the Earth?
2. What is the largest country in the world?
3. What are the impressive achievements of Russian space programme?
4. Which Russian souvenir is the most popular among the tourists?
5. Where in Europe can we find the biggest collection of books?
6. What are the impressive facts about Siberian Lake Baikal?
7. Which role does the Russian language play in the world?
A. Russia, also officially known as the Russian
Federation, is the largest country in the world. Its territory is 17,075,400
square kilometers. According to scientists, the country’s territory would
almost cover the surface of the planet Pluto. It is the only country which is
washed by 3 oceans and 12 seas. Russia is considered to be a European country,
but two-thirds of the country are in Asia. However, most of the population
lives in the European part of Russia.
B. Siberian Lake Baikal is the largest pool of
fresh water on the planet. All the 12 major rivers of the world (the Volga, the
Don, the Yenisei, the Ob, the Ganges, the Amazon, etc.) would need to flow
almost a year to fill a pool equal to the volume of Lake Baikal. Another
impressive fact is that even if all the rest of the planet’s fresh water supply
were to disappear, there would be enough fresh water left in Lake Baikal to
supply the people of the earth for up to 50 years.
C. Russia is the country with the largest forest
reserves in the world. 45% of its territory is covered in green forests. The
forests are located in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the
Far East. Forests play an important role in the life and welfare of people.
Russian forests are the biggest ‘lungs’ of the Earth. They produce oxygen and
clean the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.
D. There are more than five thousand languages in
the world. Russian is one of the five major world languages. 280 million people
around the world speak Russian and it is one of the most widely spoken native
languages in Europe. The United Nations uses Russian as one of the official
languages of the organization. It is also used in international commerce,
politics, academic and cultural life.
E. For its collection of books, the Russian State
Library is considered to be the biggest in Europe and one of the largest in the
world. The Russian State Library was founded in 1862, in Moscow. The library
has over 275 km of shelves with more than 43 million items, including books,
journals and magazines, art publications, music scores and sound records, maps
and other things. There are items in 247 languages of the world.
F. Russia is known all over the world for its space
programmes. In 1957 the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial
satellite in the world. Four years later, in 1961, human space flight was
accomplished. Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was the first man to journey into
space. He orbited the Earth and landed the same day. There are other impressive
space achievements of the country like the first long space flight, the first
woman cosmonaut in space, and the first spacewalk.
Задание 2 Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие
из приведённых утверждений A7–A14 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True),
какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на
основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 –
Not stated).
The koala is a small bear-like
animal that looks like a soft toy. The animal is cute and non-aggressive, but
it’s difficult to see a koala in the Zoo and no one ever keeps them as pets.
Why is it so?
The main reason
why people shouldn’t try to take koalas out from their natural home is their diet.
It’s a strict diet of eucalyptus leaves as koalas practically never eat
anything else. In Australia there are over 600 types of eucalyptus, but koalas
eat only 40–50 varieties with only about 10 being preferred. And even if you
find the koala’s most favourite tree and plant it in your backyard, you won’t
be able to supply your koala-pet with food anyway. The thing is that koalas eat
only fresh young leaves, and the tree has few of them. So, to keep a koala
happy and healthy, you would have to plant about 100 eucalyptus trees!
It’s difficult to explain why koalas love eucalyptus
leaves so much. The leaves are tough and feel like rubber. They have very few
calories and they are poisonous to most animals. Koalas, however, cope with
such a diet easily. Nature has equipped them with specialised adaptations. Each
koala eats approximately 200 to 500 grams of leaves per day. They are very slow
eaters and they manage to get the maximum amount of energy from such a small
amount of food. They also sleep for up to 18 hours per day in order to conserve
energy
. Koalas spend all their lives on eucalyptus trees and
they don’t have any need to leave them. Normally the animals don’t drink water
as they receive it from the leaves. For this reason the koala got its name from
an ancient Aboriginal word meaning "no drink".
Koalas live in
societies, just like humans, so they need to be able to come into contact with
other koalas. They live in suitable eucalyptus forests which are large enough
to support a healthy koala population and to allow for expansion by maturing
young koalas. In spite of their peaceful and sleepy look, koalas are highly
territorial animals and don’t allow strangers to approach their “home trees”
and “food trees”. A female koala gives birth to only one baby in one or two
years. It's hairless, blind and very little – about 2 cms long! It gets into
the mother's pouch – a special pocket of skin on the stomach – and stays there
for six or seven months. Then it gets out of the pouch but stays with the
mother until it's about one year old. Koalas are slow-breeding animals and
their population can't grow fast. The animals were in danger of extinction at
the beginning of the 20th century when the koala was hunted for its fur.
Fortunately, the population has been restored and today the Australian
government doesn't consider the koala as endangered.
A7 To keep koalas as pets is very difficult. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A8 Most animals enjoy eating fresh
eucalyptus leaves. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A9 Koalas eat low-calorie food. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A10 Koalas need a lot of fresh water
to stay healthy. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A11 Koalas are more active at night than at daytime. 1) True 2) False 3)
Not stated
A12 Koalas protect their territory from other koalas. 1) True 2) False 3)
Not stated A
13 The baby koala can easily recognize its mother among other female
koalas. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A14 The number of koalas in Australia is falling down dramatically. 1) True
2) False 3) Not stated
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